The 13 Forms of Insect Antennae

Antennae are movable sensory organs on the head of most arthropods. All insects have a pair of antennae, but spiders have none. Insect antennae are segmented, and usually located above or between the eyes. How Are They Used? Antennae serve different sensory functions for different insects. In general, the antennae might be used to detect odors and tastes, wind speed and direction, heat and moisture, and even touch. A few insects have auditory organs on their antennae, so theyre involved in hearing. In some insects, the antennae may even serve a non-sensory function, such as grasping prey, flight stability, or courtship rituals. Shapes Because antennae serve different functions, their forms vary greatly. In all, there are about 13 different antennae shapes, and the form of an insects antennae may be an important key to its identification. Aristate Aristate antennae are pouch-like, with a lateral bristle. Aristate antennae are most notably found in the Diptera (true flies.) Capitate Capitate antennae have a prominent club or knob at their ends. The term capitate derives from the Latin caput, meaning head. Butterflies (Lepidoptera)  often have capitate form antennae. Clavate The term clavate comes from the Latin  clava, meaning club. Clavate antennae terminate in a gradual club or knob (unlike the capitate antennae, which end with an abrupt, pronounced knob.) This antennae form is found most often in beetles, such as in carrion beetles. Filiform The term filiform comes from the Latin filum, meaning thread. Filiform antennae are slender and thread-like in form. Because the segments are of uniform widths, there is no taper to filiform antennae. Examples of insects with filiform antennae include: rock crawlers (order Grylloblattodea)gladiators (order Mantophasmatodea)angel insects (order Zoraptera)cockroaches (order Blattodea) Flabellate Flabellate  comes from the Latin flabellum, meaning fan. In flabellate antennae, the terminal segments extend laterally, with long, parallel lobes that lie flat against one another. This feature looks like a folding paper fan. Flabellate (or flabelliform) antennae are found in several insect groups within the Coleoptera, the Hymenoptera, and the Lepidoptera. Geniculate Geniculate antennae are bent or hinged sharply, almost like a knee or elbow joint. The term geniculate derives from the Latin genu, meaning knee. Geniculate antennae are found mainly in ants or bees. Lamellate The term lamellate comes from the Latin lamella, meaning a thin plate or scale. In lamellate antennae, the segments at the tip are flattened and nested, so they look like a folding fan. To see an example of lamellate antennae, look at a scarab beetle. Monofiliform Monofiliform comes from the Latin monile, meaning necklace. Moniliform antennae look like strings of beads. The segments are usually spherical, and uniform in size. Termites (order Isoptera) are a good example of insects with moniliform antennae. Pectinate The segments of pectinate antennae are longer on one side, giving each antennae a comb-like shape. Bipectinate antennae look like two-sided combs. The term pectinate derives from the Latin pectin, meaning comb. Pectinate antennae are found in some beetles and sawflies. Plumose The segments of plumose antennae have fine branches, giving them a feathery appearance. The term plumose derives from the Latin pluma, meaning feather. Insects with plumose antennae include some of the true flies, such as mosquitoes, and moths. Serrate The segments of serrate antennae are notched or angled on one side, making the antennae look like a saw blade. The term serrate derives from the Latin serra, meaning saw. Serrate antennae are found in some beetles. Setaceous The term setaceous comes from the Latin seta, meaning bristle. Setaceous antennae are bristle-shaped and tapered from the base to the tip. Examples of insects with setaceous antennae include mayflies (order Ephemeroptera) and dragonflies and damselflies (order Odonata). Stylate Stylate  comes from the Latin  stylus, meaning pointed instrument. In stylate antennae, the final segment terminates in a long, slender point, called a style. The style may be hairlike but will extend from the end and never from the side. Stylate antennae are found most notably in certain true flies of the suborder Brachycera (such as robber flies, snipe flies, and bee flies.) Source: Triplehorn, Charles A. and Johnson, Norman F. Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects. 7th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2004, Boston.

The Roman Salute Morituri te salutant

As the toga-wearing combatants face each other across an unforgiving circle of sand, they turn toward their laurel-wreathed eminence, snacking on grapes, and bellow: â€Å"Ave, Imperator: Morituri te salutant!† This staple of swords-and-sandals fiction, the gladiator’s salute to his Emperor, in fact likely never happened. Only a handful of Roman historians, long after the fact, mention the phrase — literally, â€Å"Hail, Emperor, those who are about to die salute you† — and there’s little indication that it was in common usage in gladiatorial combat or any other games in ancient Rome. Nonetheless, â€Å"Morituri te salutant† has gained considerable currency in both popular culture and academia. Russell Crowe mouths it in the film â€Å"Gladiator,† and it’s used over and over by heavy metal bands (most cheekily by AC/DC, who tweaked it â€Å"For those about to about to rock, we salute you.†). Origin of the Phrase Where did the phrase â€Å"Morituri te salutant† and its variations (†¦morituri te salutamus, or â€Å"we salute you†) come from? According to the historian Suetonius’s Life of the Divine Claudius, the account of that emperor’s reign in his compendium The 12 Caesars, written around 112 A.D., it stems from a peculiar event. Claudius had commanded an immense public works project, the draining of Lake Fucino for agricultural land. It took 30,000 men and 11 years to complete. In honor of the feat, the emperor ordered up a naumachia — a mock sea-battle involving thousands of men and ships — to be held on the lake before it was emptied. The men, thousands of criminals otherwise to be hanged, hailed Claudius thusly: â€Å"Ave, Imperator: Morituri te salutant!† upon which the emperor replied â€Å"Aut non† — â€Å"Or not.† After this, the historians disagree. Suetonius says that the men, believing themselves pardoned by Claudius, refused to fight. The emperor ultimately cajoled and threatened them into sailing against one another. Cassius Dio, who wrote about the event in the 3rd century B.C., said the men merely pretended to fight until Claudius lost patience and commanded them to die. Tacitus mentions the event, some 50 years after it happened, but doesn’t mention the plea by the gladiators (or more precisely, naumachiarii). He relates, though, that a large number of prisoners were spared, having fought with the valor of free men. Use in Popular Culture In addition to the above-mentioned films and rock albums, Te morituri†¦ is also invoked in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and James Joyce’s Ulysses.

“The Lady or the Tiger” What Really Happened Free Essays

Dustin Powers Mr. Lamon AP Language 3 December 2012 â€Å"The Lady or the Tiger†: What really happened? The Lady or the Tiger, a captivating short story of love and loss, teases your imagination by integrating the rising action at the end of the story only to leave you to make your own interpretation of how the falling action concludes. The author uses a third person omniscient narrator so to make it seem as though the he doesn’t even know how the story truly ends. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Lady or the Tiger†: What Really Happened? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The finale to the short story has been conversation of much debate. What is behind door he opens? Does he die on the princess’s accord? What happens, no one essentially knows, but him dying is the only logical ending that could subsist. The tale starts out with a fascinating introduction by classifying the king as â€Å"semi barbaric† â€Å"florid† and â€Å"untrammeled,† but on the contrary the narrator begins to describe him as â€Å"†¦somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although it is not directly stated where the tale takes place, one can pin point the story to Medieval Europe c. 00-400 AD, a very tumultuous time. Influenced greatly by the Roman Empire, as they were a prominent society at the time, the European continent was at a crossroads between the liberalism of the Latin culture, and the less enlightened methodologies that were prerequisite to the changes at the time. This setting is what the root of the king’s brutality and the passing of th ese traits develop. The fictional account tells of the king’s daughter being â€Å"†¦as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own. As unlikely as it seems the princess seems to create a bond with a young man that is of â€Å"lower station† than she. This short lived relationship of a few months was cut to an abrupt end by the Barbaric King. Never once does the story mention the princess make any attempt of arguing the innocence of her lover. This abandonment can only be explained by her savage nature. It says that she could have possibly never loved him in the first place, and that maybe she was just using him to fill a void her over protecting father created by sheltering her from finding a ompanion. With the slightest possibility that the arrogant and haughty princess had come to truly love this man then she would know for a fact that he would be safe of this cruel justice, because as the decision was left up to fa te then there would be no question of what was coming out of the door. If she truly had any admiration for her lover, and trust of his innocence in his love then she would allow him to make his choice uncompromised by her instruction. She would allow him to open the door to the chamber with the â€Å"fair maiden†. But she did not. With a slight notion to her right she indicates which door needed to be opened. Turning to face his fate the young man opened the door to his right leaving his destiny in the hands of the demented princess. Possibly scared of his innocence and fate’s compassion, considering the true love he possessed for her, she directed him to door with the lion. This is just a sadistic favor of disposing this inconvenience for her father. Once again if the princess did actually truly have feelings for him then she had proven to be very jealous of the lady behind the door. While if she had not had those impulses toward him the animosity she had toward the damsel was strictly out of the hatred of the young girls lust over one of her possessions. Either way it was not left unknown that she had much discontent with her by saying, â€Å"Often had she seen, or imagined that she had seen, this fair creature throwing glances of admiration upon the person of her lover, and sometimes she thought these glances were perceived, and even returned. With the princess in possession of the knowledge of the location of the tiger she had the power to control the future of both the young man and the young woman. The real or unreal passing of glances between the two would be the end of him, because the jealousy she had towards the maiden would cause an â€Å"If I can’t have you no one can† mentality. The princess couldn’t bear the thought of them being happy together so she sends him to the tiger. How to cite â€Å"The Lady or the Tiger†: What Really Happened?, Essay examples

Forecasting and Managing Demand Operation Management

Question: Discuss about the Forecasting and Managing Demand of Operation Management. Answer: I have come across various facts while going through my course of operations management. The topic of forecasting and demand management evaluates various disciplines of operations management. The forecasting reflects an estimation of the future demands and the actual basis for the execution of planning and business decisions. The study of forecasting and managing demand critically highlights the different facts related to the supply and demand regarding the execution of industry process of the concerned firm. I have focused more on the application of the different disciplines of operations management related to the topic forecasting and managing demand. The topic reflects the desired fact that a good goal for forecasting techniques is merely for minimizing the deviation among the forecast and the real demands. Moreover, the concept of the supply and demand reflects that the balance regarding the demands of the products from the customers and its supply to those particular customers needs to be met in order to augment the considerable enlargement of the business. The proper management of demand facilitates the execution of the planning system as well as the effective use of the different resources in order to gain positive feedback and positive outcomes. There are certain threats within the execution of any business process where the supply and the demands of the concerned products need to be met, these are stock out, relationship with the respective customers, business loyalty and the sel ling of the products. It has been seen that the use of poor communication techniques with the customers and the inaccurate resonates of forecast significantly affects the complete business process. It is crucial to managing the different processes in any of the concerned firms and this study of the managing demand provides me the adequate information regarding the management of demand and supply. The studies of forecasting and matching demands have reflected the different purposes of forecasting which are supposed to be of immense importance for the growth and expansion of the business procedures of the firm. I have brought up the idea that the desired purpose of forecasting can be divided into short term and long term forecasting. Appropriate scheduling of the production, reduction in the cost of purchasing the different raw materials, determination of the suitable pricing policy, determining the sales targets as well as the establishment of incentives and controls are supposed to be the purposes for the short term forecasting. As per my knowledge is concerned, this short-term purposes for the short term forecasting needs to be considered while as to evaluate the significant expanding of the business procedures of the concerned enterprise. I have also investigated the long-term purposes of forecasting; it consists of planning for the new unit, planning for the financial need s of longer term and planning for the requirements of manpower. The study of forecasting managing demands provides desired strength and complete knowledge regarding the management of supply and demands which will be helpful for my future career and jobs. I particularly feel that there are some of the relevant innovative techniques related to the forecasting which will provide the desired idea in order to manage the work process in my future jobs. In order to acquire relevant information regarding the forecast, the different disciplines of operation management helped in evaluating the qualitative as well as the quantitative methods. I have come accrues two different types of a forecast, such as pyramid forecast and the forecasting process and these evaluate the importance for using these methods in future jobs. The study of forecast and managing demand evaluates my potential skills regarding the management of the demands and the needs of the customers in an effective way. There are many of the models which have been used for predicting the demand for regression analysis, market research, time series and the Delphi method. The demands management process has been considered to be of larger significance in order to manage the demands and the needs of the customers. The needs of the customers also needed to be prioritized as this will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the concerned firm. The high level and the low-level demands need to be understood as to bring out the preferred positive results for the organization. Consumer survey is another important process which provides desired means of feedback regarding the services provided by any organization. Therefore, the study increased my skills regarding the management of demands and forecasting of the different processes of the firm.